VOR stations are fairly short range: the signals are line of sight between transmitter and receiver and are useful for up to 200 miles.

Each station broadcasts a VHF radio composite signal including the navigation signal, station's identifier and voice, if so equipped.

Lift is the component of the total aerodynamic force perpendicular to the relative airflow.

Lift is generated when a streamlined body, such as an aerofoil, is placed in a flow of air.

A coastal breeze is a wind from the sea that develops over land near coasts.

It is formed by increasing temperature differences between the land and water; these create a pressure minimum over the land due to its relative warmth, and forces higher pressure, cooler air from the sea to move inland.

Generally, air temperature gets cooler relative to nearby locations as one moves closer to a large body of water.

Basic Empty Mass (BEM) is the mass of the aircraft with the basic equipment, unconsumable fluids and unusable fuel and oil.

Inform ATC.

Low pressure weather, unstable weather.

The speed is too low for an indication.

Yes

For every 1kg of air passing through the combustion chamber, 11kg of air pass bypass the combustion chamber.

Decreasing speed, by reducing engine power or pitching up.